When a child struggles in school, parents may hear about IEPs and 504 plans. Understanding the difference between these two types of support can help families advocate more effectively.

Both are designed to help students with learning or attention differences succeed in school, but they serve different purposes.

What Is an IEP?

An Individualized Education Program (IEP) is part of special education services.

Students who qualify for an IEP receive specialized instruction designed to address specific learning needs.

An IEP may include:

• individualized learning goals
• specialized instruction
• therapy services (such as speech or occupational therapy)
• classroom accommodations

Eligibility is determined through a formal evaluation and specific educational criteria.

What Is a 504 Plan?

A 504 plan provides accommodations that allow a student to access the general education curriculum.

These accommodations might include:

• extended time on tests
• preferential seating
• reduced-distraction testing environments
• assistive technology

Unlike an IEP, a 504 plan typically does not include specialized instruction.

How Testing Helps Determine Eligibility

Schools often rely on psycho-educational or neuropsychological evaluations when determining whether a student qualifies for an IEP or 504 plan.

Testing provides objective information about how a child learns and how learning differences affect academic performance.

This information helps schools develop appropriate support plans and allows parents to advocate effectively for their child.

Not Sure Where to Start?

If you're wondering whether your child might need an IEP, a 504 plan, or just a clearer picture of how they learn — our quick Parent Quiz can help you figure out your next step.